PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2017 Alberto Irurueta Carro (alberto@irurueta.com)
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.irurueta.geometry.estimators;

import com.irurueta.geometry.CoordinatesType;
import com.irurueta.geometry.EuclideanTransformation3D;
import com.irurueta.geometry.Point3D;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.PROSACRobustEstimator;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.PROSACRobustEstimatorListener;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.RobustEstimator;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.RobustEstimatorException;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.RobustEstimatorMethod;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Finds the best Euclidean 3D transformation for provided collections of
 * matched 3D points using PROSAC algorithm.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("DuplicatedCode")
public class PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator extends EuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator {

    /**
     * Constant defining default threshold to determine whether points are
     * inliers or not.
     * By default, 1.0 is considered a good value for cases where measures are
     * done on pixels, since typically the minimum resolution is 1 pixel.
     */
    public static final double DEFAULT_THRESHOLD = 1.0;

    /**
     * Minimum value that can be set as threshold.
     * Threshold must be strictly greater than 0.0.
     */
    public static final double MIN_THRESHOLD = 0.0;

    /**
     * Indicates that by default inliers will only be computed but not kept.
     */
    public static final boolean DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS = false;

    /**
     * Indicates that by default residuals will only be computed but not kept.
     */
    public static final boolean DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS = false;

    /**
     * Threshold to determine whether points are inliers or not when testing
     * possible estimation solutions.
     * The threshold refers to the amount of error (i.e. distance) a possible
     * solution has on a matched pair of points.
     */
    private double threshold;

    /**
     * Quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched points.
     * The larger the score value the better the quality of the matching.
     */
    private double[] qualityScores;

    /**
     * Indicates whether inliers must be computed and kept.
     */
    private boolean computeAndKeepInliers;

    /**
     * Indicates whether residuals must be computed and kept.
     */
    private boolean computeAndKeepResiduals;

    /**
     * Constructor.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator() {
        super();
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with lists of points to be used to estimate an Euclidean 2D
     * transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param inputPoints  list of input points to be used to estimate an
     *                     Euclidean 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints list of output points to be used to estimate an
     *                     Euclidean 3D transformation.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints) {
        super(inputPoints, outputPoints);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param listener listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                 starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final EuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener) {
        super(listener);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with listener and lists of points to be used to estimate an
     * Euclidean 3D transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param listener     listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                     stars, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param inputPoints  list of input points to be used to estimate an
     *                     affine 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints list of output points to be used to estimate an
     *                     affine 3D transformation.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final EuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener,
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints) {
        super(listener, inputPoints, outputPoints);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param qualityScores quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched
     *                      points.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided quality scores length is
     *                                  smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE (i.e. 3 samples).
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(final double[] qualityScores) {
        super();
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with lists of points to be used to estimate an Euclidean 3D
     * transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param inputPoints   list of input points to be used to estimate an
     *                      affine 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints  list of output points to be used to estimate an
     *                      affine 3D transformation.
     * @param qualityScores quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched
     *                      points.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points and array
     *                                  of quality scores don't have the same size or their size is smaller than
     *                                  MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints, final double[] qualityScores) {
        super(inputPoints, outputPoints);

        if (qualityScores.length != inputPoints.size()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param listener      listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                      starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param qualityScores quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched
     *                      points.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided quality scores length is
     *                                  smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE (i.e. 3 samples).
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final EuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener, final double[] qualityScores) {
        super(listener);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with listener and lists of points to be used to estimate an
     * Euclidean 3D transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param listener      listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                      stars, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param inputPoints   list of input points to be used to estimate an
     *                      affine 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints  list of output points to be used to estimate an
     *                      affine 3D transformation.
     * @param qualityScores quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched
     *                      points.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final EuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener,
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints, final double[] qualityScores) {
        super(listener, inputPoints, outputPoints);

        if (qualityScores.length != inputPoints.size()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with lists of points to be used to estimate an Euclidean 2D
     * transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param inputPoints            list of input points to be used to estimate an
     *                               Euclidean 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints           list of output points to be used to estimate an
     *                               Euclidean 3D transformation.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints, final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(inputPoints, outputPoints, weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param listener               listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                               starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final EuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener, final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(listener, weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with listener and lists of points to be used to estimate an
     * Euclidean 3D transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param listener               listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                               stars, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param inputPoints            list of input points to be used to estimate an
     *                               affine 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints           list of output points to be used to estimate an
     *                               affine 3D transformation.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final EuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener,
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints, final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(listener, inputPoints, outputPoints, weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param qualityScores          quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched
     *                               points.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided quality scores length is
     *                                  smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE (i.e. 3 samples).
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final double[] qualityScores, final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with lists of points to be used to estimate an Euclidean 3D
     * transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param inputPoints            list of input points to be used to estimate an
     *                               affine 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints           list of output points to be used to estimate an
     *                               affine 3D transformation.
     * @param qualityScores          quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched
     *                               points.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points and array
     *                                  of quality scores don't have the same size or their size is smaller than
     *                                  MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints, final double[] qualityScores,
            final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(inputPoints, outputPoints, weakMinimumSizeAllowed);

        if (qualityScores.length != inputPoints.size()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param listener               listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                               starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param qualityScores          quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched
     *                               points.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided quality scores length is
     *                                  smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE (i.e. 3 samples).
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final EuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener, final double[] qualityScores,
            final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(listener, weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with listener and lists of points to be used to estimate an
     * Euclidean 3D transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param listener               listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                               stars, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param inputPoints            list of input points to be used to estimate an
     *                               affine 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints           list of output points to be used to estimate an
     *                               affine 3D transformation.
     * @param qualityScores          quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched
     *                               points.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final EuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener, final List<Point3D> inputPoints,
            final List<Point3D> outputPoints, final double[] qualityScores, final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(listener, inputPoints, outputPoints, weakMinimumSizeAllowed);

        if (qualityScores.length != inputPoints.size()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        threshold = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
        computeAndKeepInliers = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_INLIERS;
        computeAndKeepResiduals = DEFAULT_COMPUTE_AND_KEEP_RESIDUALS;
    }

    /**
     * Returns threshold to determine whether points are inliers or not when
     * testing possible estimation solutions.
     * The threshold refers to the amount of error (i.e. Euclidean distance) a
     * possible solution has on a matched pair of points.
     *
     * @return threshold to determine whether points are inliers or not when
     * testing possible estimation solutions.
     */
    public double getThreshold() {
        return threshold;
    }

    /**
     * Sets threshold to determine whether points are inliers or not when
     * testing possible estimation solutions.
     * The threshold refers to the amount of error (i.e. Euclidean distance) a
     * possible solution has on a matched pair of points.
     *
     * @param threshold threshold to determine whether points are inliers or not
     *                  when testing possible estimation solutions.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided values is equal or less than
     *                                  zero.
     * @throws LockedException          if robust estimator is locked because an
     *                                  estimation is already in progress.
     */
    public void setThreshold(final double threshold) throws LockedException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        if (threshold <= MIN_THRESHOLD) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        this.threshold = threshold;
    }

    /**
     * Returns quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched points.
     * The larger the score value the better the quality of the matching.
     *
     * @return quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched points.
     */
    @Override
    public double[] getQualityScores() {
        return qualityScores;
    }

    /**
     * Sets quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched points.
     * The larger the score value the better the quality of the matching.
     *
     * @param qualityScores quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched
     *                      points.
     * @throws LockedException          if robust estimator is locked because an
     *                                  estimation is already in progress.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided quality scores length is
     *                                  smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE (i.e. 3 samples).
     */
    @Override
    public void setQualityScores(final double[] qualityScores) throws LockedException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
    }

    /**
     * Indicates if estimator is ready to start the Euclidean 3D transformation
     * estimation.
     * This is true when input data (i.e. lists of matched points and quality
     * scores) are provided and a minimum of MINIMUM_SIZE points are available.
     *
     * @return true if estimator is ready, false otherwise.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isReady() {
        return super.isReady() && qualityScores != null && qualityScores.length == inputPoints.size();
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether inliers must be computed and kept.
     *
     * @return true if inliers must be computed and kept, false if inliers
     * only need to be computed but not kept.
     */
    public boolean isComputeAndKeepInliersEnabled() {
        return computeAndKeepInliers;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies whether inliers must be computed and kept.
     *
     * @param computeAndKeepInliers true if inliers must be computed and kept,
     *                              false if inliers only need to be computed but not kept.
     * @throws LockedException if estimator is locked.
     */
    public void setComputeAndKeepInliersEnabled(final boolean computeAndKeepInliers) throws LockedException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        this.computeAndKeepInliers = computeAndKeepInliers;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether residuals must be computed and kept.
     *
     * @return true if residuals must be computed and kept, false if residuals
     * only need to be computed but not kept.
     */
    public boolean isComputeAndKeepResidualsEnabled() {
        return computeAndKeepResiduals;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies whether residuals must be computed and kept.
     *
     * @param computeAndKeepResiduals true if residuals must be computed and
     *                                kept, false if residuals only need to be computed but not kept.
     * @throws LockedException if estimator is locked.
     */
    public void setComputeAndKeepResidualsEnabled(final boolean computeAndKeepResiduals) throws LockedException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        this.computeAndKeepResiduals = computeAndKeepResiduals;
    }

    /**
     * Estimates an Euclidean 3D transformation using a robust estimator and
     * the best set of matched 3D point correspondences found using the robust
     * estimator.
     *
     * @return an affine 3D transformation.
     * @throws LockedException          if robust estimator is locked because an
     *                                  estimation is already in progress.
     * @throws NotReadyException        if provided input data is not enough to start
     *                                  the estimation.
     * @throws RobustEstimatorException if estimation fails for any reason
     *                                  (i.e. numerical instability, no solution available, etc).
     */
    @Override
    public EuclideanTransformation3D estimate() throws LockedException, NotReadyException, RobustEstimatorException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        if (!isReady()) {
            throw new NotReadyException();
        }

        final var innerEstimator = new PROSACRobustEstimator<>(
                new PROSACRobustEstimatorListener<EuclideanTransformation3D>() {

                    // point to be reused when computing residuals
                    private final Point3D testPoint = Point3D.create(CoordinatesType.HOMOGENEOUS_COORDINATES);

                    private final EuclideanTransformation3DEstimator nonRobustEstimator =
                            new EuclideanTransformation3DEstimator(isWeakMinimumSizeAllowed());

                    private final List<Point3D> subsetInputPoints = new ArrayList<>();
                    private final List<Point3D> subsetOutputPoints = new ArrayList<>();

                    @Override
                    public double getThreshold() {
                        return threshold;
                    }

                    @Override
                    public int getTotalSamples() {
                        return inputPoints.size();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public int getSubsetSize() {
                        return nonRobustEstimator.getMinimumPoints();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void estimatePreliminarSolutions(
                            final int[] samplesIndices, final List<EuclideanTransformation3D> solutions) {
                        subsetInputPoints.clear();
                        subsetOutputPoints.clear();
                        for (final var samplesIndex : samplesIndices) {
                            subsetInputPoints.add(inputPoints.get(samplesIndex));
                            subsetOutputPoints.add(outputPoints.get(samplesIndex));
                        }

                        try {
                            nonRobustEstimator.setPoints(subsetInputPoints, subsetOutputPoints);
                            solutions.add(nonRobustEstimator.estimate());
                        } catch (final Exception e) {
                            // if points are coincident, no solution is added
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public double computeResidual(final EuclideanTransformation3D currentEstimation, final int i) {
                        final var inputPoint = inputPoints.get(i);
                        final var outputPoint = outputPoints.get(i);

                        // transform input point and store result in mTestPoint
                        currentEstimation.transform(inputPoint, testPoint);

                        return outputPoint.distanceTo(testPoint);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public boolean isReady() {
                        return PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this.isReady();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateStart(final RobustEstimator<EuclideanTransformation3D> estimator) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateStart(PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateEnd(final RobustEstimator<EuclideanTransformation3D> estimator) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateEnd(PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateNextIteration(
                            final RobustEstimator<EuclideanTransformation3D> estimator, final int iteration) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateNextIteration(
                                    PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this, iteration);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateProgressChange(
                            final RobustEstimator<EuclideanTransformation3D> estimator, final float progress) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateProgressChange(
                                    PROSACEuclideanTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this, progress);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public double[] getQualityScores() {
                        return qualityScores;
                    }
                });

        try {
            locked = true;
            inliersData = null;
            innerEstimator.setComputeAndKeepInliersEnabled(computeAndKeepInliers || refineResult);
            innerEstimator.setComputeAndKeepResidualsEnabled(computeAndKeepResiduals || refineResult);
            innerEstimator.setConfidence(confidence);
            innerEstimator.setMaxIterations(maxIterations);
            innerEstimator.setProgressDelta(progressDelta);
            final var transformation = innerEstimator.estimate();
            inliersData = innerEstimator.getInliersData();
            return attemptRefine(transformation);
        } catch (final com.irurueta.numerical.LockedException e) {
            throw new LockedException(e);
        } catch (final com.irurueta.numerical.NotReadyException e) {
            throw new NotReadyException(e);
        } finally {
            locked = false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns method being used for robust estimation.
     *
     * @return method being used for robust estimation.
     */
    @Override
    public RobustEstimatorMethod getMethod() {
        return RobustEstimatorMethod.PROSAC;
    }

    /**
     * Gets standard deviation used for Levenberg-Marquardt fitting during
     * refinement.
     * Returned value gives an indication of how much variance each residual
     * has.
     * Typically, this value is related to the threshold used on each robust
     * estimation, since residuals of found inliers are within the range of
     * such threshold.
     *
     * @return standard deviation used for refinement.
     */
    @Override
    protected double getRefinementStandardDeviation() {
        return threshold;
    }

    /**
     * Sets quality scores corresponding to each pair of matched points.
     * This method is used internally and does not check whether instance is
     * locked or not.
     *
     * @param qualityScores quality scores to be set.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided quality scores length is
     *                                  smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    private void internalSetQualityScores(final double[] qualityScores) {
        if (qualityScores.length < getMinimumPoints()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        this.qualityScores = qualityScores;
    }
}