LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator.java

/*
 * @file
 * This file contains implementation of
 * com.irurueta.geometry.estimators.LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator
 *
 * @author Alberto Irurueta (alberto@irurueta.com)
 * @date March 24, 2017.
 */
package com.irurueta.geometry.estimators;

import com.irurueta.geometry.CoordinatesType;
import com.irurueta.geometry.MetricTransformation3D;
import com.irurueta.geometry.Point3D;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.LMedSRobustEstimator;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.LMedSRobustEstimatorListener;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.RobustEstimator;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.RobustEstimatorException;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.RobustEstimatorMethod;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Finds the best metric 3D transformation for provided collections of
 * matched 3D points using LMedS algorithm.
 */
public class LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator extends MetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator {

    /**
     * Default value ot be used for stop threshold. Stop threshold can be used
     * to keep the algorithm iterating in case that best estimated threshold
     * using median of residuals is not small enough. Once a solution is found
     * that generates a threshold below this value, the algorithm will stop.
     * The stop threshold can be used to prevent the LMedS algorithm iterating
     * too many times in cases where samples have a very similar accuracy.
     * For instance, in cases where proportion of outliers is very small (close
     * to 0%), and samples are very accurate (i.e. 1e-6), the algorithm would
     * iterate for a long time trying to find the best solution when indeed
     * there is no need to do that if a reasonable threshold has already been
     * reached.
     * Because of this behaviour the stop threshold can be set to a value much
     * lower than the one typically used in RANSAC, and yet the algorithm could
     * still produce even smaller thresholds in estimated results.
     */
    public static final double DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD = 1.0;

    /**
     * Minimum allowed stop threshold value.
     */
    public static final double MIN_STOP_THRESHOLD = 0.0;

    /**
     * Threshold to be used to keep the algorithm iterating in case that best
     * estimated threshold using median of residuals is not small enough. Once
     * a solution is found that generates a threshold below this value, the
     * algorithm will stop.
     * The stop threshold can be used to prevent the LMedS algorithm iterating
     * too many times in cases where samples have a very similar accuracy.
     * For instance, in cases where proportion of outliers is very small (close
     * to 0%), and samples are very accurate (i.e. 1e-6), the algorithm would
     * iterate for a long time trying to find the best solution when indeed
     * there is no need to do that if a reasonable threshold has already been
     * reached.
     * Because of this behaviour the stop threshold can be set to a value much
     * lower than the one typically used in RANSAC, and yet the algorithm could
     * still produce even smaller thresholds in estimated results.
     */
    private double stopThreshold;

    /**
     * Constructor.
     */
    public LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator() {
        super();
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with lists of points to be used to estimate a metric 3D
     * transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param inputPoints  list of input points to be used to estimate a
     *                     metric 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints list of output points to be used to estimate a
     *                     metric 3D transformation.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints) {
        super(inputPoints, outputPoints);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param listener listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                 starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     */
    public LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator(final MetricTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener) {
        super(listener);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with listener and lists of points to be used to estimate a
     * metric 2D transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param listener     listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                     starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param inputPoints  list of input points to be used to estimate a
     *                     metric 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints list of output points to be used to estimate a
     *                     metric 3D transformation.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final MetricTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener,
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints) {
        super(listener, inputPoints, outputPoints);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     */
    public LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator(final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with lists of points to be used to estimate a metric 3D
     * transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param inputPoints            list of input points to be used to estimate a
     *                               metric 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints           list of output points to be used to estimate a
     *                               metric 3D transformation.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, final List<Point3D> outputPoints, final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(inputPoints, outputPoints, weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param listener               listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                               starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     */
    public LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final MetricTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener, final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(listener, weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with listener and lists of points to be used to estimate a
     * metric 2D transformation.
     * Points in the list located at the same position are considered to be
     * matched. Hence, both lists must have the same size, and their size must
     * be greater or equal than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     *
     * @param listener               listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                               starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @param inputPoints            list of input points to be used to estimate a
     *                               metric 3D transformation.
     * @param outputPoints           list of output points to be used to estimate a
     *                               metric 3D transformation.
     * @param weakMinimumSizeAllowed true allows 3 points, false requires 4.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided lists of points don't have
     *                                  the same size or their size is smaller than MINIMUM_SIZE.
     */
    public LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator(
            final MetricTransformation3DRobustEstimatorListener listener,
            final List<Point3D> inputPoints, List<Point3D> outputPoints, final boolean weakMinimumSizeAllowed) {
        super(listener, inputPoints, outputPoints, weakMinimumSizeAllowed);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Returns threshold to be used to keep the algorithm iterating in case that
     * best estimated threshold using median of residuals is not small enough.
     * Once a solution is found that generates a threshold below this value, the
     * algorithm will stop.
     * The stop threshold can be used to prevent the LMedS algorithm iterating
     * too many times in cases where samples have a very similar accuracy.
     * For instance, in cases where proportion of outliers is very small (close
     * to 0%), and samples are very accurate (i.e. 1e-6), the algorithm would
     * iterate for a long time trying to find the best solution when indeed
     * there is no need to do that if a reasonable threshold has already been
     * reached.
     * Because of this behaviour the stop threshold can be set to a value much
     * lower than the one typically used in RANSAC, and yet the algorithm could
     * still produce even smaller thresholds in estimated results.
     *
     * @return stop threshold to stop the algorithm prematurely when a certain
     * accuracy has been reached.
     */
    public double getStopThreshold() {
        return stopThreshold;
    }

    /**
     * Sets threshold to be used to keep the algorithm iterating in case that
     * best estimated threshold using median of residuals is not small enough.
     * Once a solution is found that generates a threshold below this value, the
     * algorithm will stop.
     * The stop threshold can be used to prevent the LMedS algorithm iterating
     * too many times in cases where samples have a very similar accuracy.
     * For instance, in cases where proportion of outliers is very small (close
     * to 0%), and samples are very accurate (i.e. 1e-6), the algorithm would
     * iterate for a long time trying to find the best solution when indeed
     * there is no need to do that if a reasonable threshold has already been
     * reached.
     * Because of this behaviour the stop threshold can be set to a value much
     * lower than the one typically used in RANSAC, and yet the algorithm could
     * still produce even smaller thresholds in estimated results
     *
     * @param stopThreshold stop threshold to stop the algorithm prematurely
     *                      when a certain accuracy has been reached
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided value is zero or negative
     * @throws LockedException          if robust estimator is locked because an
     *                                  estimation is already in progress
     */
    public void setStopThreshold(final double stopThreshold) throws LockedException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        if (stopThreshold <= MIN_STOP_THRESHOLD) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        this.stopThreshold = stopThreshold;
    }

    /**
     * Estimates a metric 3D transformation using a robust estimator and
     * the best set of matched 3D point correspondences found using the robust
     * estimator.
     *
     * @return a metric 3D transformation.
     * @throws LockedException          if robust estimator is locked because an
     *                                  estimation is already in progress.
     * @throws NotReadyException        if provided input data is not enough to start
     *                                  the estimation.
     * @throws RobustEstimatorException if estimation fails for any reason
     *                                  (i.e. numerical instability, no solution available, etc).
     */
    @Override
    public MetricTransformation3D estimate() throws LockedException, NotReadyException, RobustEstimatorException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        if (!isReady()) {
            throw new NotReadyException();
        }

        final var innerEstimator = new LMedSRobustEstimator<>(
                new LMedSRobustEstimatorListener<MetricTransformation3D>() {

                    // point to be reused when computing residuals
                    private final Point3D testPoint = Point3D.create(CoordinatesType.HOMOGENEOUS_COORDINATES);

                    private final MetricTransformation3DEstimator nonRobustEstimator =
                            new MetricTransformation3DEstimator(isWeakMinimumSizeAllowed());

                    private final List<Point3D> subsetInputPoints = new ArrayList<>();
                    private final List<Point3D> subsetOutputPoints = new ArrayList<>();

                    @Override
                    public int getTotalSamples() {
                        return inputPoints.size();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public int getSubsetSize() {
                        return nonRobustEstimator.getMinimumPoints();
                    }

                    @SuppressWarnings("DuplicatedCode")
                    @Override
                    public void estimatePreliminarSolutions(final int[] samplesIndices,
                                                            final List<MetricTransformation3D> solutions) {
                        subsetInputPoints.clear();
                        subsetOutputPoints.clear();
                        for (final var samplesIndex : samplesIndices) {
                            subsetInputPoints.add(inputPoints.get(samplesIndex));
                            subsetOutputPoints.add(outputPoints.get(
                                    samplesIndex));
                        }

                        try {
                            nonRobustEstimator.setPoints(subsetInputPoints, subsetOutputPoints);
                            solutions.add(nonRobustEstimator.estimate());
                        } catch (final Exception e) {
                            // if points are coincident, no solution is added
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public double computeResidual(final MetricTransformation3D currentEstimation, final int i) {
                        final var inputPoint = inputPoints.get(i);
                        final var outputPoint = outputPoints.get(i);

                        // transform input point and store result in mTestPoint
                        currentEstimation.transform(inputPoint, testPoint);

                        return outputPoint.distanceTo(testPoint);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public boolean isReady() {
                        return LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this.isReady();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateStart(final RobustEstimator<MetricTransformation3D> estimator) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateStart(LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateEnd(final RobustEstimator<MetricTransformation3D> estimator) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateEnd(LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateNextIteration(
                            final RobustEstimator<MetricTransformation3D> estimator, final int iteration) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateNextIteration(
                                    LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this, iteration);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateProgressChange(
                            final RobustEstimator<MetricTransformation3D> estimator, final float progress) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateProgressChange(
                                    LMedSMetricTransformation3DRobustEstimator.this, progress);
                        }
                    }
                });

        try {
            locked = true;
            inliersData = null;
            innerEstimator.setConfidence(confidence);
            innerEstimator.setMaxIterations(maxIterations);
            innerEstimator.setProgressDelta(progressDelta);
            innerEstimator.setStopThreshold(stopThreshold);
            final var transformation = innerEstimator.estimate();
            inliersData = innerEstimator.getInliersData();
            return attemptRefine(transformation);
        } catch (final com.irurueta.numerical.LockedException e) {
            throw new LockedException(e);
        } catch (final com.irurueta.numerical.NotReadyException e) {
            throw new NotReadyException(e);
        } finally {
            locked = false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns method being used for robust estimation.
     *
     * @return method being used for robust estimation.
     */
    @Override
    public RobustEstimatorMethod getMethod() {
        return RobustEstimatorMethod.LMEDS;
    }

    /**
     * Gets standard deviation used for Levenberg-Marquardt fitting during
     * refinement.
     * Returned value gives an indication of how much variance each residual
     * has.
     * Typically, this value is related to the threshold used on each robust
     * estimation, since residuals of found inliers are within the range of
     * such threshold.
     *
     * @return standard deviation used for refinement.
     */
    @Override
    protected double getRefinementStandardDeviation() {
        final var inliersData = (LMedSRobustEstimator.LMedSInliersData) getInliersData();
        return inliersData.getEstimatedThreshold();
    }
}