PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Alberto Irurueta Carro (alberto@irurueta.com)
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.irurueta.numerical.polynomials.estimators;

import com.irurueta.numerical.LockedException;
import com.irurueta.numerical.NotReadyException;
import com.irurueta.numerical.polynomials.Polynomial;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.PROMedSRobustEstimator;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.PROMedSRobustEstimatorListener;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.RobustEstimator;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.RobustEstimatorException;
import com.irurueta.numerical.robust.RobustEstimatorMethod;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Finds the best polynomial using PROMedS algorithm.
 */
public class PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator extends PolynomialRobustEstimator {

    /**
     * Default value to be used for stop threshold. Stop threshold can be used
     * to keep the algorithm iterating in case that best estimated threshold
     * using median of residuals is not small enough. Once a solution is found
     * that generates a threshold below this value, the algorithm will stop.
     * The stop threshold can be used to prevent the LMedS algorithm iterating
     * too many times in cases where samples have a very similar accuracy.
     * For instance, in cases where proportion of outliers is very small (close
     * to 0%), and samples are very accurate (i.e. 1e-6), the algorithm would
     * iterate for a long time trying to find the best solution when indeed
     * there is no need to do that if a reasonable threshold has already been
     * reached.
     * Because of this behaviour the stop threshold can be set to a value much
     * lower than the one typically used in RANSAC, and yet the algorithm could
     * still produce even smaller thresholds in estimated results
     */
    public static final double DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD = 1e-6;

    /**
     * Minimum allowed stop threshold value
     */
    public static final double MIN_STOP_THRESHOLD = 0.0;

    /**
     * Threshold to be used to keep the algorithm iterating in case that best
     * estimated threshold using median of residuals is not small enough. Once
     * a solution is found that generates a threshold below this value, the
     * algorithm will stop.
     * The stop threshold can be used to prevent the LMedS algorithm iterating
     * too many times in cases where samples have a very similar accuracy.
     * For instance, in cases where proportion of outliers is very small (close
     * to 0%), and samples are very accurate (i.e. 1e-6), the algorithm would
     * iterate for a long time trying to find the best solution when indeed
     * there is no need to do that if a reasonable threshold has already been
     * reached.
     * Because of this behaviour the stop threshold can be set to a value much
     * lower than the one typically used in RANSAC, and yet the algorithm could
     * still produce even smaller thresholds in estimated results
     */
    private double stopThreshold;

    /**
     * Quality scores corresponding to each provided polynomial evaluation.
     * The larger the score value the better the quality of the sample.
     */
    private double[] qualityScores;

    /**
     * Constructor.
     */
    public PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator() {
        super();
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param degree degree of polynomial to be estimated.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided degree is less than 1.
     */
    public PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator(final int degree) {
        super(degree);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param evaluations collection of polynomial evaluations.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided number of evaluations is
     *                                  less than the required minimum.
     */
    public PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator(final List<PolynomialEvaluation> evaluations) {
        super(evaluations);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param listener listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                 starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     */
    public PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator(final PolynomialRobustEstimatorListener listener) {
        super(listener);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param degree      degree of polynomial to be estimated.
     * @param evaluations collection of polynomial evaluations.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided degree is less than 1 or if
     *                                  provided number of evaluations is less than the required minimum for
     *                                  provided degree.
     */
    public PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator(final int degree, final List<PolynomialEvaluation> evaluations) {
        super(degree, evaluations);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param degree   degree of polynomial to be estimated.
     * @param listener listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                 starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided degree is less than 1.
     */
    public PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator(final int degree, final PolynomialRobustEstimatorListener listener) {
        super(degree, listener);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param evaluations collection of polynomial evaluations.
     * @param listener    listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                    starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided number of evaluations is
     *                                  less than the required minimum.
     */
    public PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator(
            final List<PolynomialEvaluation> evaluations, final PolynomialRobustEstimatorListener listener) {
        super(evaluations, listener);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param degree      degree of polynomial to be estimated.
     * @param evaluations collection of polynomial evaluations.
     * @param listener    listener to be notified of events such as when estimation
     *                    starts, ends or its progress significantly changes.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided degree is less than 1 or if
     *                                  provided number of evaluations is less than the required minimum for
     *                                  provided degree.
     */
    public PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator(
            final int degree, final List<PolynomialEvaluation> evaluations,
            final PolynomialRobustEstimatorListener listener) {
        super(degree, evaluations, listener);
        stopThreshold = DEFAULT_STOP_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Returns threshold to be used to keep the algorithm iterating in case that
     * best estimated threshold using median of residuals is not small enough.
     * Once a solution is found that generates a threshold below this value, the
     * algorithm will stop.
     * The stop threshold can be used to prevent the LMedS algorithm iterating
     * too many times in cases where samples have a very similar accuracy.
     * For instance, in cases where proportion of outliers is very small (close
     * to 0%), and samples are very accurate (i.e. 1e-6), the algorithm would
     * iterate for a long time trying to find the best solution when indeed
     * there is no need to do that if a reasonable threshold has already been
     * reached.
     * Because of this behaviour the stop threshold can be set to a value much
     * lower than the one typically used in RANSAC, and yet the algorithm could
     * still produce even smaller thresholds in estimated results
     *
     * @return stop threshold to stop the algorithm prematurely when a certain
     * accuracy has been reached
     */
    public double getStopThreshold() {
        return stopThreshold;
    }

    /**
     * Sets threshold to be used to keep the algorithm iterating in case that
     * best estimated threshold using median of residuals is not small enough.
     * Once a solution is found that generates a threshold below this value, the
     * algorithm will stop.
     * The stop threshold can be used to prevent the LMedS algorithm iterating
     * too many times in cases where samples have a very similar accuracy.
     * For instance, in cases where proportion of outliers is very small (close
     * to 0%), and samples are very accurate (i.e. 1e-6), the algorithm would
     * iterate for a long time trying to find the best solution when indeed
     * there is no need to do that if a reasonable threshold has already been
     * reached.
     * Because of this behaviour the stop threshold can be set to a value much
     * lower than the one typically used in RANSAC, and yet the algorithm could
     * still produce even smaller thresholds in estimated results
     *
     * @param stopThreshold stop threshold to stop the algorithm prematurely
     *                      when a certain accuracy has been reached
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided value is zero or negative
     * @throws LockedException          if robust estimator is locked because an
     *                                  estimation is already in progress
     */
    public void setStopThreshold(final double stopThreshold) throws LockedException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        if (stopThreshold <= MIN_STOP_THRESHOLD) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        this.stopThreshold = stopThreshold;
    }

    /**
     * Returns quality scores corresponding to each provided point.
     * The larger the score value the better the quality of the sampled point
     *
     * @return quality scores corresponding to each point
     */
    @Override
    public double[] getQualityScores() {
        return qualityScores;
    }

    /**
     * Sets quality scores corresponding to each provided point.
     * The larger the score value the better the quality of the sampled point.
     *
     * @param qualityScores quality scores corresponding to each point.
     * @throws LockedException          if robust estimator is locked because an
     *                                  estimation is already in progress.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided quality scores length is
     *                                  smaller than required minimum size.
     */
    @Override
    public void setQualityScores(final double[] qualityScores) throws LockedException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        internalSetQualityScores(qualityScores);
    }

    /**
     * Indicates if estimator is ready to start the polynomial estimation.
     * This is true when input data (i.e. polynomial evaluations and quality
     * scores) are provided and enough data is available.
     *
     * @return true if estimator is ready, false otherwise
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isReady() {
        return super.isReady() && qualityScores != null && qualityScores.length == evaluations.size();
    }

    /**
     * Estimates polynomial.
     *
     * @return estimated polynomial.
     * @throws LockedException          if robust estimator is locked because an
     *                                  estimation is already in progress.
     * @throws NotReadyException        if provided input data is not enough to start
     *                                  the estimation.
     * @throws RobustEstimatorException if estimation fails for any other reason
     *                                  (i.e. numerical instability, no solution available, etc).
     */
    @Override
    public Polynomial estimate() throws LockedException, NotReadyException, RobustEstimatorException {
        if (isLocked()) {
            throw new LockedException();
        }
        if (!isReady()) {
            throw new NotReadyException();
        }

        final PROMedSRobustEstimator<Polynomial> innerEstimator = new PROMedSRobustEstimator<>(
                new PROMedSRobustEstimatorListener<>() {

                    // subset of evaluations picked on each iteration
                    private final List<PolynomialEvaluation> subsetEvaluations = new ArrayList<>();

                    @Override
                    public double getThreshold() {
                        return stopThreshold;
                    }

                    @Override
                    public int getTotalSamples() {
                        return evaluations.size();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public int getSubsetSize() {
                        return polynomialEstimator.getMinNumberOfEvaluations();
                    }

                    @SuppressWarnings("DuplicatedCode")
                    @Override
                    public void estimatePreliminarSolutions(
                            final int[] samplesIndices, final List<Polynomial> solutions) {
                        subsetEvaluations.clear();
                        for (var samplesIndex : samplesIndices) {
                            subsetEvaluations.add(evaluations.get(samplesIndex));
                        }

                        try {
                            polynomialEstimator.setLMSESolutionAllowed(false);
                            polynomialEstimator.setEvaluations(subsetEvaluations);

                            final var polynomial = polynomialEstimator.estimate();
                            solutions.add(polynomial);
                        } catch (final Exception e) {
                            // if anything fails, no solution is added
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public double computeResidual(final Polynomial currentEstimation, int i) {
                        final var eval = evaluations.get(i);
                        return getDistance(eval, currentEstimation);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public boolean isReady() {
                        return PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator.this.isReady();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateStart(final RobustEstimator<Polynomial> estimator) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateStart(PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator.this);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateEnd(final RobustEstimator<Polynomial> estimator) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateEnd(PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator.this);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateNextIteration(
                            final RobustEstimator<Polynomial> estimator, final int iteration) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateNextIteration(PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator.this, iteration);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onEstimateProgressChange(
                            final RobustEstimator<Polynomial> estimator, final float progress) {
                        if (listener != null) {
                            listener.onEstimateProgressChange(PROMedSPolynomialRobustEstimator.this, progress);
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public double[] getQualityScores() {
                        return qualityScores;
                    }
                });

        try {
            locked = true;
            innerEstimator.setConfidence(confidence);
            innerEstimator.setMaxIterations(maxIterations);
            innerEstimator.setProgressDelta(progressDelta);
            return innerEstimator.estimate();
        } finally {
            locked = false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns method being used for robust estimation.
     *
     * @return method being used for robust estimation.
     */
    @Override
    public RobustEstimatorMethod getMethod() {
        return RobustEstimatorMethod.PROMEDS;
    }

    /**
     * Sets quality scores corresponding to each provided polynomial evaluation.
     * This method is used internally and does not check whether instance is
     * locked or not
     *
     * @param qualityScores quality scores to be set
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if provided quality scores length is
     *                                  smaller than required minimum size.
     */
    private void internalSetQualityScores(final double[] qualityScores) {
        if (qualityScores.length < polynomialEstimator.getMinNumberOfEvaluations()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        this.qualityScores = qualityScores;
    }
}